This module uses fundamental data of Lumen Technologies to approximate the value of its Beneish M Score. Lumen Technologies M Score tells investors if the company management is likely to be manipulating earnings. The score is calculated using eight financial indicators that are adjusted by a specific multiplier. Please note, the M Score is a probabilistic model and cannot detect companies that manipulate their earnings with 100% accuracy. Check out Lumen Technologies Piotroski F Score and Lumen Technologies Altman Z Score analysis.
At this time, it appears that Lumen Technologies is an unlikely manipulator. The earnings manipulation may begin if Lumen Technologies' top management creates an artificial sense of financial success, forcing the stock price to be traded at a high price-earnings multiple than it should be. In general, excessive earnings management by Lumen Technologies executives may lead to removing some of the operating profits from subsequent periods to inflate earnings in the following periods. This way, the manipulation of Lumen Technologies' earnings can lead to misrepresentations of actual financial condition, taking the otherwise loyal stakeholders on to the path of questionable ethical practices and plain fraud.
The cure to earnings manipulation is the transparency of financial reporting. It will typically remove the temptation of the top executives to inflate earnings (i.e., to promote the idea of 'winning at any cost'). Because a healthy internal audit department can enhance transparency, the board should promote the auditors' access to all the record-keeping systems across the enterprise. For example, if Lumen Technologies' auditors report directly to the board (not management), the managers will be reluctant to manipulate simply due to the fear of punishment. On the other hand, the auditors will be free to investigate the ledgers properly because they know that the board has their back.
One of the toughest challenges investors face today is learning how to quickly synthesize historical financial statements and information provided by the company, SEC reporting, and various external parties in order to detect the potential manipulation of earnings. Understanding the correlation between Lumen Technologies' different financial indicators related to revenue, expenses, operating profit, and net earnings helps investors identify and prioritize their investing strategies towards Lumen Technologies in a much-optimized way. Analyzing correlations between earnings drivers directly associated with dollar figures is the most effective way to find Lumen Technologies' degree of accounting gimmicks and manipulations.
M-Score is one of many grading techniques for value stocks. It was developed by Professor M. Daniel Beneish of the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and published in 1999 under the paper titled The Detection of Earnings Manipulation. The Beneish score is a multi-factor model that utilizes financial identifiers to compile eight variables used to classify whether a company has manipulated its reported earnings. The variables are built from the officially filed financial statements to create a final score call 'M Score.' The score helps to identify companies that are likely to manipulate their profits if they show deteriorating gross margins, operating expenses, and leverage against growing revenue.
Although earnings manipulation is typically not the result of intentional misconduct by the c-level executives, it is still a widespread practice by the senior management of public companies such as Lumen Technologies. It is usually done by a series of misrepresentations of various accounting rules and operating activities across multiple financial cycles. The best way to spot the manipulation is to examine the historical financial statement to find inconsistencies in earning reports to find trends in assets or liabilities that are not sustainable in the future.
Some studies have found that companies with high sustainability scores are getting higher valuations than competitors with lower social-engagement activities. While most ESG disclosures are voluntary and do not directly affect the long term financial condition, Lumen Technologies' sustainability indicators can be used to identify proper investment strategies using environmental, social, and governance scores that are crucial to Lumen Technologies' managers, analysts, and investors.
Environmental
Governance
Social
About Lumen Technologies Fundamental Analysis
The Macroaxis Fundamental Analysis modules help investors analyze Lumen Technologies's financials across various querterly and yearly statements, indicators and fundamental ratios. We help investors to determine the real value of Lumen Technologies using virtually all public information available. We use both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to arrive at the intrinsic value of Lumen Technologies based on its fundamental data. In general, a quantitative approach, as applied to this company, focuses on analyzing financial statements comparatively, whereas a qaualitative method uses data that is important to a company's growth but cannot be measured and presented in a numerical way.
One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Lumen Technologies position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Lumen Technologies will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.
The ability to find closely correlated positions to Lumen Technologies could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Lumen Technologies when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Lumen Technologies - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Lumen Technologies to buy it.
The correlation of Lumen Technologies is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other instruments. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Lumen Technologies moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Lumen Technologies moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Lumen Technologies can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
When determining whether Lumen Technologies offers a strong return on investment in its stock, a comprehensive analysis is essential. The process typically begins with a thorough review of Lumen Technologies' financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to assess its financial health. Key financial ratios are used to gauge profitability, efficiency, and growth potential of Lumen Technologies Stock. Outlined below are crucial reports that will aid in making a well-informed decision on Lumen Technologies Stock:
To learn how to invest in Lumen Stock, please use our How to Invest in Lumen Technologies guide.You can also try the Watchlist Optimization module to optimize watchlists to build efficient portfolios or rebalance existing positions based on the mean-variance optimization algorithm.
Is Diversified Telecommunication Services space expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Lumen Technologies. If investors know Lumen will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Lumen Technologies listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Quarterly Earnings Growth
(0.89)
Earnings Share
(2.17)
Revenue Per Share
13.483
Quarterly Revenue Growth
(0.12)
Return On Assets
0.0066
The market value of Lumen Technologies is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Lumen that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Lumen Technologies' value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Lumen Technologies' true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Lumen Technologies' market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Lumen Technologies' underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Lumen Technologies' value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine if Lumen Technologies is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Lumen Technologies' price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.