Citigroup 17290JAE1 Bond

TRVC Stock   67.77  0.80  1.17%   
Citigroup's financial leverage is the degree to which the firm utilizes its fixed-income securities and uses equity to finance projects. Companies with high leverage are usually considered to be at financial risk. Citigroup's financial risk is the risk to Citigroup stockholders that is caused by an increase in debt. In other words, with a high degree of financial leverage come high-interest payments, which usually reduce Earnings Per Share (EPS).
  
Check out the analysis of Citigroup Fundamentals Over Time.
For information on how to trade Citigroup Stock refer to our How to Trade Citigroup Stock guide.
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Given the importance of Citigroup's capital structure, the first step in the capital decision process is for the management of Citigroup to decide how much external capital it will need to raise to operate in a sustainable way. Once the amount of financing is determined, management needs to examine the financial markets to determine the terms in which the company can boost capital. This move is crucial to the process because the market environment may reduce the ability of Citigroup to issue bonds at a reasonable cost.
Popular NameCitigroup US17290JAE10
Equity ISIN CodeUS1729674242
Bond Issue ISIN CodeUS17290JAE10
S&P Rating
Others
Maturity DateOthers
Issuance DateOthers
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Citigroup Outstanding Bond Obligations

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Understaning Citigroup Use of Financial Leverage

Citigroup's financial leverage ratio helps determine the effect of debt on the overall profitability of the company. It measures Citigroup's total debt position, including all outstanding debt obligations, and compares it with Citigroup's equity. Financial leverage can amplify the potential profits to Citigroup's owners, but it also increases the potential losses and risk of financial distress, including bankruptcy, if Citigroup is unable to cover its debt costs.
Please read more on our technical analysis page.

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Additional Information and Resources on Investing in Citigroup Stock

When determining whether Citigroup offers a strong return on investment in its stock, a comprehensive analysis is essential. The process typically begins with a thorough review of Citigroup's financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to assess its financial health. Key financial ratios are used to gauge profitability, efficiency, and growth potential of Citigroup Stock. Outlined below are crucial reports that will aid in making a well-informed decision on Citigroup Stock:
Check out the analysis of Citigroup Fundamentals Over Time.
For information on how to trade Citigroup Stock refer to our How to Trade Citigroup Stock guide.
You can also try the Efficient Frontier module to plot and analyze your portfolio and positions against risk-return landscape of the market..
Please note, there is a significant difference between Citigroup's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine if Citigroup is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Citigroup's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.

What is Financial Leverage?

Financial leverage is the use of borrowed money (debt) to finance the purchase of assets with the expectation that the income or capital gain from the new asset will exceed the cost of borrowing. In most cases, the debt provider will limit how much risk it is ready to take and indicate a limit on the extent of the leverage it will allow. In the case of asset-backed lending, the financial provider uses the assets as collateral until the borrower repays the loan. In the case of a cash flow loan, the general creditworthiness of the company is used to back the loan. The concept of leverage is common in the business world. It is mostly used to boost the returns on equity capital of a company, especially when the business is unable to increase its operating efficiency and returns on total investment. Because earnings on borrowing are higher than the interest payable on debt, the company's total earnings will increase, ultimately boosting stockholders' profits.

Leverage and Capital Costs

The debt to equity ratio plays a role in the working average cost of capital (WACC). The overall interest on debt represents the break-even point that must be obtained to profitability in a given venture. Thus, WACC is essentially the average interest an organization owes on the capital it has borrowed for leverage. Let's say equity represents 60% of borrowed capital, and debt is 40%. This results in a financial leverage calculation of 40/60, or 0.6667. The organization owes 10% on all equity and 5% on all debt. That means that the weighted average cost of capital is (.4)(5) + (.6)(10) - or 8%. For every $10,000 borrowed, this organization will owe $800 in interest. Profit must be higher than 8% on the project to offset the cost of interest and justify this leverage.

Benefits of Financial Leverage

Leverage provides the following benefits for companies:
  • Leverage is an essential tool a company's management can use to make the best financing and investment decisions.
  • It provides a variety of financing sources by which the firm can achieve its target earnings.
  • Leverage is also an essential technique in investing as it helps companies set a threshold for the expansion of business operations. For example, it can be used to recommend restrictions on business expansion once the projected return on additional investment is lower than the cost of debt.
By borrowing funds, the firm incurs a debt that must be paid. But, this debt is paid in small installments over a relatively long period of time. This frees funds for more immediate use in the stock market. For example, suppose a company can afford a new factory but will be left with negligible free cash. In that case, it may be better to finance the factory and spend the cash on hand on inputs, labor, or even hold a significant portion as a reserve against unforeseen circumstances.

The Risk of Financial Leverage

The most obvious and apparent risk of leverage is that if price changes unexpectedly, the leveraged position can lead to severe losses. For example, imagine a hedge fund seeded by $50 worth of investor money. The hedge fund borrows another $50 and buys an asset worth $100, leading to a leverage ratio of 2:1. For the investor, this is neither good nor bad -- until the asset price changes. If the asset price goes up 10 percent, the investor earns $10 on $50 of capital, a net gain of 20 percent, and is very pleased with the increased gains from the leverage. However, if the asset price crashes unexpectedly, say by 30 percent, the investor loses $30 on $50 of capital, suffering a 60 percent loss. In other words, the effect of leverage is to increase the volatility of returns and increase the effects of a price change on the asset to the bottom line while increasing the chance for profit as well.